This recording is provided by RBC Wealth Management for informational purposes only. In Canada, RBC Wealth Management is the brand name that refers to RBC Dominion Securities, Inc., and applicable affiliates. In the United States, RBC Wealth Management is a division of RBC Capital Markets, LLC. In the United Kingdom and Channel Islands, RBC's Wealth Management International division in these jurisdictions is comprised of an international network of RBC companies and includes RBC Europe Limited and Royal Bank of Canada (Channel Islands) Limited. In Asia, RBC Wealth Management is the global brand name to describe the wealth management business of the Royal Bank of Canada and its affiliates and branches, including Royal Bank of Canada Singapore branch and Royal Bank of Canada Hong Kong branch.

The comments contained in this recording are general in nature, do not have regard to the particular circumstances or needs of any specific person, and do not constitute legal, investment, trust, estate, accounting, or tax advice. Unless otherwise qualified, any opinions, estimates, and projections in this recording are those of the speakers as of the release date, are subject to change without notice, and may not reflect those of RBC Wealth Management. This recording may not reflect all available information. The investments or services contained in this recording may not be suitable for you, and it is recommended you consult with your Advisor if you are in doubt about the suitability of such investments or services.